The species vary from 1 m shrubs up to 20 m trees; some are deciduous, but the majority of species are evergreen. The roots have nitrogen-fixing bacteria which enable the plants to grow on soils that are very poor in nitrogen content. The leaves are spirally arranged, simple, oblanceolate with a tapered base and broader tip, and a crinkled or finely toothed margin. The flowers are catkins, with male and female catkins usually on separate plants (dioecious). The fruit is a small drupe, usually with a wax coating. The type species, Myrica gale, is holarctic in distribution, growing in acidic peat bogs throughout the colder parts of the Northern Hemisphere; it is a deciduous shrub growing to 1 m tall. The remaining species all have relatively small ranges, and are mostly warm-temperate. Has an affinity for the cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal system when they are overburdened by hardened mucus. Within the cardiovascular system it works as an astringent and vessel toner, steadily increasing circulation and creating a positive outward flow of blood. In the gastrointestinal system it works as a tonic to resole damp conditions and promote healthy breakdown and absorption. Inhibits or slows bleeding, arrests diarrhea and loosens phlegm to aid discharge. Warms the body, enabling body systems to work effeciently.

Use with caution during pregnancy

Can be used internally to relax the nerves and combat anxiety. Helpful for nervous exhaustion from long-term stress or fanatical, hard-driving personalities and for people who suffer from neck and shoulder pain (knots). Can alleviate some types of headaches, includes migraines associated with PMS. It is helpful for many spasmodic nervous disorders as well as mild pains and colds, flu and respiratory congestion. Helpful for surface, peripheral nervous system problems, neuralgias, and some skin problems. Some spasmodic nervous disorders, including tics, palsy, and Tourette's syndrome. Can be helpful for mild pains, colds, flu, and respiratory congestion.

Extremely large doses can cause nausea and vomiting. May stimulate a miscarriage though in normal doses was used traditionally to protect against miscarriage.

Aromatic and bitter herb used for colds, fevers, and flu. Stimulates white blood cells. Helpful for flu's with achy muscles. Warm tea promotes perspiration and acts as an emetic. Cold tea (standard infusion left to cool) acts as a bitter tonic and mild laxative. Combined with mint it can relieve vomiting and bloating. With ginger and anise to aid coughs.

Use extreme caution during pregnancy. Not for long term use.